Privilege
A right to refuse to disclose, or to bar another from disclosing, certain confidential communications.
Recognized privileges include attorney-client, spousal (both the testimonial privilege and the confidential-marital-communications privilege), physician/psychotherapist-patient, and clergy-penitent. The work-product doctrine separately protects materials prepared in anticipation of litigation. Privileges can be waived by voluntary disclosure to a third party.
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