DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol — automatically assigns IP addresses and network settings to clients.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automates the assignment of IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS server addresses to network clients. A DHCP server leases an address for a defined period; when the lease expires the client must renew or obtain a new address. The protocol operates over UDP, using port 67 on the server side and port 68 on the client side. The exam frequently tests the DORA exchange sequence alongside scope concepts such as lease time and exclusion ranges. A common confusion is conflating DHCP with APIPA: when a client cannot reach a DHCP server, Windows automatically self-assigns a link-local address in the 169.254.0.0/16 range via APIPA — a telltale sign of a DHCP failure during troubleshooting.
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