IP Address
A logical Layer 3 address that uniquely identifies a device on a network.
An IP address is a logical Layer 3 identifier assigned to a network interface so routers can forward packets across different networks. IPv4 uses dotted-decimal notation across four octets (e.g., 192.168.1.10), while IPv6 uses eight groups of hexadecimal values separated by colons. Unlike MAC addresses, which are hardware-burned and meaningful only within a local segment, IP addresses are software-assigned and can change. For N10-009, a common trap is confusing the network portion with the host portion — that boundary is set by the subnet mask, not the address itself. A duplicate IP or misconfigured mask causes failures that mimic a hardware fault.
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