Hypervisor
Software that creates and runs virtual machines on host hardware.
Type 1 (bare-metal) hypervisors such as ESXi and Hyper-V run directly on hardware and dominate data centers; Type 2 hypervisors run atop a host OS (VirtualBox, VMware Workstation) for desktop use. VM escape — a guest breaking isolation to reach the host or sibling VMs — is the worst-case failure and the reason timely hypervisor patching is critical.
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