IPsec
A suite of protocols that secure IP traffic at the network layer — common in site-to-site VPNs.
IPsec secures traffic at the network layer and underpins most site-to-site VPNs. Tunnel mode encrypts the entire original packet (gateway-to-gateway); transport mode encrypts only the payload (host-to-host). Within IPsec, AH provides authentication and integrity only, while ESP provides confidentiality plus integrity — ESP is the one normally used.
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