Endoscopy

Endoscopy uses a flexible scope to directly visualize internal structures such as the GI tract, often with biopsy or treatment performed during the same procedure. Because the throat is anesthetized for an upper endoscopy, withhold food and fluids until the gag reflex returns to prevent aspiration. Afterward, monitor for bleeding, signs of perforation (severe pain, fever, rigidity), and the lingering effects of sedation.