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A base-10 measurement system built on the meter (length), gram (mass), and liter (volume), with prefixes kilo- (1000), hecto- (100), deka- (10), deci- (0.1), centi- (0.01), and milli- (0.001).
Healthcare runs on metric — medication doses in milligrams, fluids in milliliters — which is why the TEAS leans on it. Bigger prefix means bigger unit, so converting to a smaller unit multiplies the number.
Converting between units by multiplying by conversion factors written as fractions equal to 1, arranged so unwanted units cancel — the method behind dosage calculations.
High-yield equivalences: 12 in = 1 ft, 3 ft = 1 yd, 5280 ft = 1 mi, 16 oz = 1 lb, 8 fl oz = 1 cup, 2 cups = 1 pint, 2 pints = 1 quart, 4 quarts = 1 gallon, 2.54 cm = 1 in, 2.2 lb = 1 kg, and 1 L is about 1.06 qt.
Mean is the sum divided by the count; median is the middle value of an ORDERED list (average the two middle values if the count is even); mode is the most frequent value; range is maximum minus minimum.
A data set can have no mode, one mode, or several. For ‘find the missing score’ problems, multiply the target mean by the number of values to get the required total, then subtract the known values.
Reading and interpreting bar graphs (compare categories), line graphs (change over time), circle/pie graphs (parts of a whole), histograms (frequency of numeric ranges), and scatter plots (relationship between two variables).
Check the axis scale before comparing bars — a truncated axis exaggerates differences. In a circle graph the sectors must total 100%, which lets you find a missing sector by subtraction.
The relationship shown by paired data: a positive correlation rises together, a negative correlation falls as the other rises, and no correlation shows no pattern — visible as the drift of points on a scatter plot.
A trend line through a scatter plot summarizes the relationship and supports predictions within the data’s range. Extrapolating far beyond the observed data is unreliable.
The independent variable is what is deliberately changed or chosen (plotted on the x-axis); the dependent variable is what responds and gets measured (plotted on the y-axis).
The same idea anchors science items: in an experiment the independent variable is manipulated, the dependent variable is measured, and everything else is held constant as a control.
Perimeter is the distance around a figure (add the sides); area measures the surface inside (rectangle: length x width; triangle: half base x height; circle: pi r squared); circumference is a circle's perimeter (2 pi r); volume fills a solid (box: length x width x height).
Area answers come in square units and volume in cubic units — a quick units check catches many wrong answers. For composite figures, split the shape into rectangles and triangles, find each piece, and add.