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The central point a passage makes about its topic — what the author most wants the reader to understand, stated directly or implied across the whole text.
In a well-organized paragraph the main idea often appears in the topic sentence, but in longer passages it may be implied and must be assembled from the key points of every paragraph. A correct main-idea answer covers the whole passage, not just one section.
The sentence — usually first in a paragraph — that states the paragraph's main point; every other sentence in the paragraph supports or develops it.
A topic sentence is to a paragraph what a thesis statement is to an essay: the controlling claim. Sentences that add examples, statistics, or explanation are supporting details, not topic sentences.
The facts, examples, statistics, reasons, and descriptions an author uses to develop, explain, or prove the main idea.
Major details directly support the main idea, while minor details elaborate on the major ones. Recognizing which details are load-bearing helps with both summary questions and questions that ask what could be deleted without changing the point.
A logical conclusion a reader draws by combining clues in the text with general knowledge — something the passage strongly implies but never states outright.
Inference questions often use stems like ‘the passage suggests’ or ‘the reader can conclude.’ The correct answer is supported by specific lines in the passage even though it is never written there word for word.
A summary condenses a whole text into its main idea and major points in your own words; a paraphrase restates one specific part in your own words at roughly the same length.
Think of the difference by scope: summarize a chapter, paraphrase a sentence. Both must stay faithful to the source — changing the meaning, even slightly, makes an answer wrong.
The order in which events or steps occur, signaled by words like first, next, then, before, after, and finally; TEAS items ask you to track order or carefully follow multi-step written directions.
Chronological order is the order events happen, which is not always the order a passage presents them — narratives may use flashbacks. Time-signal words and dates are the anchors for rebuilding the true sequence.
The parts of a text outside the main prose — titles, headings, subheadings, bold and italic type, captions, sidebars, footnotes, a table of contents, an index, and a glossary — that organize content and help readers locate information.
Italics and boldface signal emphasis or key vocabulary, while headings preview the section’s content. Skimming the text features first is a fast way to predict a passage’s organization before reading.
Information presented visually — maps, charts, graphs, tables, diagrams, and schedules — read using tools like titles, labels, legends (keys), and scales.
On a map, the legend explains what each symbol means and the scale converts map distance to real distance. Schedules and tables are read by finding where the relevant row and column intersect.