Cryptography and Principles
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Terms in this set
- Encryption Transforming plaintext into ciphertext using a key so only authorized parties can read it.
- Hashing A one-way function that produces a fixed-length digest from any input.
- Tokenization Replacing sensitive data with a non-sensitive token that has no mathematical relationship to the original.
- Masking Hiding part of sensitive data — for example, showing only the last four digits of a card.
- Obfuscation Making information harder to understand without removing it.
- Cryptography The practice and study of techniques for securing communication in the presence of adversaries.
- Salt Random data added to input before hashing to defeat precomputed (rainbow) attacks.
- PKI Public Key Infrastructure — the system of CAs, certificates, and keys that binds identities to keys.
- Governance Direction and oversight of security through policies, roles, and accountability structures.
- Zero Trust A model in which no user, device, or network is trusted by default — verify everything, always.
- Segregation Separation of duties — splitting responsibilities so no one person can complete a sensitive task alone.
- Principle A foundational guideline — least privilege, defense-in-depth, fail-secure, separation of duties.