Vital Signs and Stability Flashcards

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Terms in this set

Hypertension A chronic elevation of blood pressure ≥130/80 mmHg (AHA 2017), a major modifiable risk factor for stroke, MI, and renal failure.
Tachycardia Heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute; may indicate fever, pain, dehydration, hemorrhage, anxiety, or cardiac arrhythmia.
Bradycardia Heart rate below 60 beats per minute; may be normal in conditioned athletes but pathological if the patient is symptomatic.
Hypotension Blood pressure significantly below normal (systolic <90 mmHg), resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery.
Dehydration A deficit of total body water that impairs cellular function; caused by inadequate intake, excessive loss, or both.
Inflammation A protective physiological response to tissue injury or infection, characterized by redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
Oxygenation The process of delivering sufficient oxygen to tissues to support aerobic metabolism and cellular respiration.
Perfusion The delivery of oxygenated blood to body tissues; assessed through capillary refill, pulse quality, skin color, and temperature.