Anti-Money Laundering (AML)
Programs required by the Bank Secrecy Act and USA PATRIOT Act to detect money laundering through its three stages — placement (cash enters the system), layering (transactions hide the trail), and integration (funds re-emerge clean).
AML rules are FinCEN’s (a Treasury bureau), enforced through firm programs that include the Customer Identification Program and OFAC sanctions screening. Structuring deposits to dodge reporting thresholds is itself a crime the exam expects you to recognize.